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We recently took two commercially available cannabis oil cartridges used to refill cannabis pens and measured the viscosity. The two main differences were the variation in THC and CBD Oils. Sample 1 had 78% THC and 0.29% CBD content. Sample 2 had 80 % THC and 0% CBD.
On April 12, 2019, a new paper, "Effective Vaccination against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus," that focuses on the threat of emerging infectious pathogens and methods to develop vaccines to combat has been published. Diving into further details into pathogens such as Middle East respiratory syndrome corona-virus (MERS-CoV), it is important to understand the history of the disease, MERS.
One of the most commonly asked questions from our customers is the topic of shear rates and what to expect when dealing with various applications. Now most of you have a general idea on what shear rate means, but we want to take it one step further and illustrate several key components when dealing with shear rates.
One of the common questions we get from our customers is, “Which chip do I use to test my fluid?” RheoSense has a variety of different chips and you may wonder which chip would be the best for your application. The m-VROC® has four different designations of chips: A, B, C, and E. These letter values reference the max pressure capability of the MEMS pressure sensors inside the microfluidic flow cell. With the A-series being able to measure the lowest pressures for low viscosity fluids, the E-series are able to measure the highest pressures for higher viscosities and higher shear rates.
Recently I have been using polyurethane resins for sculpting and casting projects and noticed an interesting term on all of my materials: Pot life. This is something that you see in all kinds of applications from epoxies, silicone, sealants, and building materials. A cursory definition of the term indicated that it was the working life of the material – the cutoff time when you can no longer make adjustments or clean up your projects. However, I found that the material was still very workable beyond the pot life time – in fact for some applications it even worked better.
We are all familiar with maintaining our lab instruments, but how often do we perform maintenance on our lab methods or SOPs?
According to Cell Press, "Royal jelly is produced in [two different] glands of worker bees, one that produces the protein in a neutral pH and one that produces fatty acids that can reduce said pH when the two secretions" come together (Cell Press).
For a honeybee, royal jelly is a crucial diet for the first couple days for all bees. And for honeybee larvae to become queen, the larvae must be fed and be surrounded by royal jelly for it to morph successfully. However, because queen larvae, "are too big to fit into the cells of the hive's honeycomb," they are able to hang upside down in the queen's cell anchored with the royal jelly (Cell Press). So, what allows this royal jelly to acquire these properties?
Turns out, royal jelly is not always thick and sticky. In a recent study, researchers proposed that the viscosity of a royal jelly were dependent the particle size of a protein found in royal jelly (known as royalactin, or MRJP1) was directly correlated to the pH level found inside. The study conveyed that there was a noticeable size difference within the MRJP1 jelly when exposed to a purifier at pH 4 and at neutral (pH 7). For instance, "Most purification protocols are standardized at pH 7, [which yielded] a strange, runny consistency [within the jelly]" whereas when maintained between pH 4 and pH 5, the viscosity of the jelly seemed gelatinous and almost adherent (Cell Press). The precise pH affects the overall viscosity of royal jelly, which is an essential component in providing the optimal environment for the queen bee to develop in her early stages. If the pH levels were outside 4~5, the royal jelly would lose its heavy, sticky properties and would not be able to hold the queen larvae.
